On analysis of topological indices and heat of formation for benzyl sulfamoyl network via curve fitting model

The study explores the intricate relationship between topological indices and the heat of formation in the benzyl sulfamoyl network. Topological indices of benzyl sulfamoyl networks are studied and also emphasize their properties statistically. The benzyl sulfamoyl has unique properties due to its crystalline structure and it is used in the form of artificial substance. We analyze the distributions and correlations of the benzyl sulfamoyl network with others by using statistical methods and also build a computational analysis for topological indices. The findings show a strong association between the variables, indicating that topological indices may be used to accurately predict thermodynamic characteristics and improve the effectiveness of molecular modelling and simulation procedures.

A graphical representation made up of points and lines is called a graph.Chemists use graphs to correlate the formula of familiar chemical compounds.In a molecular graphs, atoms are represented by vertices and edges are represented the bonds between atoms which are connected to the respective vertices.The total number of edge connected with a vertex ϑ is called its degree and is denoted by ℑ(ϑ) .In mathematics a graph is defined by an ordered pair of vertices and edges G = (V , E) : in this ordered pair V is a set of vertices, and E is represented by edges 1 .A correspondence of molecular structure's topologies and their chemical and physical properties their biological traits, involving melting and boiling points, and Medication toxicity is exposed through chemical Compatibility 2 .A unique class of topological indices is vertex-degree-based indices which are determined by the vertex degree in the graph 3 .To understand the relations of molecular structure and their physical and chemical properties chemical engineer use General Randic index 4 .
Topological indices have become indispensable in the field of chemical graph theory for comprehending the structural characteristics of molecular networks.These indices, which measure several facets of molecular topology, are essential for understanding how molecule structure and physicochemical characteristics interact.The benzyl sulfamoyl network is unique among the many molecular networks that have been researched because of its important uses in materials science and pharmaceuticals 5 .Arockiaraj et al. 6 discuss the topological Indices of hydrogen bonded benzo-trisimidazole.Liu et al. 7 discuss the topological indices of molecular graphs.Ahmad et al. 8,9 discuss the theoretical study of energy of phenylene and anthracene.Nadeem et al. 10 computed the topological aspects of molecular structures.Liu et al. 11 computed the descriptors and graph entropy of Zeolite ACO.Koam et al. 12 determined the valency-based topological descriptor for hexagon star networks.
We explore the association between several topological indices and the heat of creation in the benzyl sulfamoyl network in this work using a curve fitting model.In particular, we examine the relationship between Zagreb type indices, the forgotten index, and other pertinent topological descriptors with the heat of creation 13 .Our goal is to create prediction models that can precisely calculate the heat of formation from topological indicators by utilising statistical approaches.Milan Randić discovered its initiation in 1975 as Randić index which is defined as the sum of the convertible of the square root of the product of degrees of vertices which are joined by an edge 14 .To find the computable structure-activity Connections (CSAC) and evaluation to find the biological activity of chemical compounds 15 .It gives us the information about arrangement of atoms in a molecule.In 1998 Amic et al. 16 and Bollobá s et al. 17 , work separately and defined the generalized Randić index as: The above-given index tells us the numerical illustration and connection of atoms inside the molecule.The index is determined by sum-up the products of the bond orders between atom pairs in a molecule 18,19 .This descriptor contributes to the quantification of the molecular structure's complexity and aids in the prediction of several attributes, including physicochemical traits and biological activity 20 .These properties help us to measure the complexity of the molecular structure and enable us to estimate the different characteristics, such as physical and chemical properties, also biological activity.Estrada et al. 21,22 defined a new idea of an index which is known as the atom bond connectivity index: Vukicevic et al. 23 , discover the geometric arithmetic index as follows: Gutman 24,25 has made substantial involvement in the subject of chemical graph theory introducing the first and second Zagreb indices theoretically as: In 2013 Shirdal et al. 26 defined the hyper Zagreb indicator as: Furtula and Gutman 27 introduced the forgotten topological index, as follows: Redefined Zagreb type indicator introduced by Rajini 28 which is a new idea for any graph as: Balaban 29,30 introduced the Balaban index fora graph G with order b and size ĺ as:

Structure of benzyl sulfamoyl network BS b
In the field of materials sciences because of its unique properties, benzyl sulfamoyl BS b has attained remarkable attentiveness.Dichalcogenides (TMDCs), associated with the family of transition metals, are layered materials with a general formula of MX b .BS b consists of a layered crystal structure containing sulfur atoms that merge between two layers of benzyl sulfamoyl atoms 31 .Various method is used to recognize benzyl sulfamoyl, such as chemical vapor deposition and transport, also hydrothermal synthesis is used for this purpose 32 .Since benzyl sulfamoyl has perceptible magnetic and electrical properties, it has attained abundant interest in the field of materials research.Superconductivity and magnetism of benzyl sulfamoyl are combined displayed, making it a type-II superconductor.Because of this characteristic, it is an advantageous material for several uses, such as energy storage, quantum computing, and spintronics.The benzyl sulfamoyl BS b formulas are obtained by initially using the unit cell as shown in Fig. 1.To compute the vertices, we use Matlab software to generalize these formulas for vertices together with Tables 1.The partition of edges for benzyl sulfamoyl BS b will be taken as follows to determine its topological indices: The partition of edges for benzyl sulfamoyl BS b with (m, n) is always greater or equal to 1 that are shown in Table 2.The set of edges is divided into three sets, let's say E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 , concerning the degree of every vertices and edges.The order and size of BS b is 8mn + 2m + 2n and 12mn, respectively.
In the view of Eq. (1) and Table 2, we prove the following theorems as below:

Results for benzyl sulfamoyl network BS b
Theorem 1 The General Randic indices for benzyl sulfamoyl network BS b are: Proof The derivations for General Randic indices using Table 2 are given as: Table 1.Vertex partition of BS b .

ℑ(ϑ)
Frequency Set of vertices www.nature.com/scientificreports/To identify the complexity of the topological index of a graph, a mathematical symbol is used, and shown in Fig. 2 is the Randic index.Table 3 shows a numerical observation of the Randic indices as well.

Theorem 2
The ABC index, GA index, M 1 index and M 2 index for benzyl sulfamoyl network BS b are: Proof The derivations for topological indices using Table 2 are given as: The ABC index is derived as: For α = −1; www.nature.com/scientificreports/ The GA index is derived as: The first Zagreb index derived as: The second Zagreb index derived as: The numerical observation and graphical representations of the ABC(BS b ) , GA(BS b ) , M 1 (BS b ) , and M 2 (BS b ) , respectively, are shown in Table 4 and Fig. 3.
Theorem 3 That HM index, F index, PM 1 index and PM 2 index for benzyl sulfamoyl network BS b are: Proof The derivations for topological indices using Table 2 are given as: The Forgotten index is derived as:

HM(BS
The following Table 5 and Fig. 4 represented the graphical and numerical observations of HM and F, respectively.

Theorem 4
The J index, ReZG 1 index, ReZG 2 index and ReZG 3 index for benzyl sulfamoyl network BS b are: [m, n]  www.nature.com/scientificreports/Proof The derivations for topological indices using Table 2 are given as: The Balaban index is derived as: We formulate the First, Second and Third Redefined Zagreb index as follows:   6 and Fig. 5.

Analysis of formation of heat via Rational curve fitting
A mathematical model's parameters are found using a statistical technique called curve fitting, which enables the model to approximately describe the observed data.This part of paper consist the idea of the illumination of entropy and formation of heat(Enthalpy) HOF of benzyl sulfamoyl BS b .The standard molar enthalpy of benzyl sulfamoyl BS b at temperature 298.15K see details 33 .To calculate formation of heat (HOF) for unlike formula units Mathematical formula is given as: Where, Avogadro ′ s Number = 6.02214076 × 10 23 mol −119 .One mole of any substance is equal to 6.02214076 × 10 23 mol −1 of that material (such as atoms, molecules, or ions).Each material is in its normal state when a mole of a chemical is created by combining its constituent elements, and the amount of energy absorbed or released is measured by the formation of heat (HOF).This is calculated in kilojoules per mole, or KJ/mol.It can also be described as having a normal formation of heat or a specific heat capacity 34 .MATLAB's Power built-in function is used to create models between formation of heat and each particular entropy since it provides a lower RMSE value for the best fit.The mean squared error (RMSE), the sum of squared errors (SSE), and R 2 are the accuracy metrics that are employed.First, calculate the values of various indices using the Shanon entropy formula.Then we use the Maple software to determine the entropy's graphical behavior www.nature.com/scientificreports/and computed numerical values.Furthermore, curves were fitted between the formation of heat values and a number of related entropies.The models for the relationship between indices vs. HOF that were described are shown below.Graphical behaviour is presented in Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
• HOF using R 1 (BS b )  degrees of neighbors , analytic approaches, and combinatorial computing method are the methods to compute our results for BS b .Furthermore, graphical representation of these mathematical results by using Maple we plot and also do mathematical computations using MATLAB.We examine topological indices provide thorough comprehension of the network's connectivity patterns, characterizing by its distinct characteristics and possible uses .The statistical analysis that are carried out provide a quantitative viewpoint on the observed properties and lay the groundwork for further research, which adds to the larger scientific conversation.
Our results show strong relationships between the chosen topological indices and the formation heat, highlighting the usefulness of these indices in precise thermodynamic feature prediction.Researchers in the domains of materials science and pharmaceuticals can benefit greatly from the created curve fitting models, which provide a strong foundation for calculating the heat of formation based on molecular topology.This article's results not only highlight the importance of topological indices in materials science investigations but also improve our understanding of the benzyl sulfamoyl network but also.These methods and observation that are represented here open up new directions for advancements in the field as we continue to reveal the molecular details of different materials.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The structure of benzyl sulfamoyl BS b for m = n = 5.

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. (a) R c f between HOF of ABC(BS b ) ; (b) R c f between HOF of GA(BS b ).

Figure 10 .
Figure 10.(a) R c f between HOF of HM(BS b ) ; (b) R c f between HOF of F(BS b ).